Reciprocating tool.



PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.

H. J. KIMMAN.

REGIPROCATING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27. 1904.

PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.

H. J. KIMMAN.

RBGIPROGATING TOOL.

.APPLICATION FILED JULY27,1904.

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HENRY JAMES KIMMAN, 'OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO CHICAGO PNEUMATICTOOL COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

RECIPROQATING TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Junea, 1907.

Application led July 27, 1904. Serial No. 218,333.

may be embodied.

In the drawings, Figure l is an axial section of my device, Fig. 2 is asimilar section showing the parts in a diiferent position, Fig. 3 adetail view of the valve, Fig. 4 is an external view, Fig. 5 is a crosssection on line I-I of Fig. 2, Fig. 6 is a similar section on the lineII--II of Fig. 2.

My invention relates to reciprocating tools, drivenby fluidpressure-particularly drills. Ordinarily compressed air is the pressureiiuid employed, although steam or water or other suitable fluid underpressure may be used in a device embodying all or part of my invention.The invention is exemplified by the construction set' forth at length inthe following specilication and it is particularly designated in theclaims appended thereto.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown in Fig. 4 an external view ofa tool embodying my invention. The tool is, in general, of a cylindricalform, which form is given it by an external casing, which, as appearsmore clearly in Figs. 1 and 2, is composed of' three principal parts.The part lettered A is the main body of'the casing, its interiorconstituting a cylinder for the piston. The part marked B is a capforming the handle-end of the instrument-bein provided with the handleD, and inclosing the reciprocating valve G and the ratchet mecham'smlThe part marked C forms the drill-end of the tool and receives the drillor other device to be operated. The three parts are held together byexternal longitudinal bolts E passing through lugs B on the end-parts Band C of the casing.

Referring to Figs. l and 2 which show the interior construction of mydevice, the piston H is provided at each end with a cylindrical partclosely fitting the interior of the main cylinder and these end portionsare oined by an intermediate portion having a reduced diameter, leavinga space between it and the interior wall of the cylinder. The lower endof this piston carries a hammer Jwhich is square in cross-section, andenters a correspond-I ingly shaped opening in a bushing W, so/that,

as the hammer turns from time to time, it

will also turn the bushing and with it, the drill. Through the center ofthe piston passes the ride -bar I having two spiral grooves on itsexternal surface enga ed by corres ending spiral flanges within t episton. he inner end of the bar is attached to the ratchet F, afterpassing axially through the cylindrical valve G. This ratchet comprisesa cylindrical block immediately connected to the barand in the peripheryof this block are seated the pawls F3 on springs F1 (see Fig. 5) whichforce them radially outward into engagement with ratchet teeth cut inthe inner surface of the bushing F2 within the inclosin cap B. By thisarrangement, the stroke o the piston in one direction-as suming that it,together with the drill, is held by friction against rotation-will turnthe ratchet in a direction permitting the pawl to slip` over the teeth.

. he valve G (see Figs. 1, 2` and 3) is cylindrical and concentric withthe axis of the tool and with the axis of the piston H and ratchet F. Topermit the passage through it of the riiie bar I, the valve is providedwith a central bushing G2 on which it is capable of slidinglongitudinally, while it also has an external tubular valve seat G1secured rigidly with the bushing G2 and seated in the cylindrical capportion B of the casing. At its lower end it abuts against the maincentral portion A.

In the inner Wall of the cap portion B are formed two annular passages 1and 2 (see Figs. l, 2 and 3) between the said wall and the outerperiphery ofthe valve seat G1. The

upper passage 1, is connected with the exhaust port 16, and the lowerpassage 2 is connected with the inlet port 17, which communicates withthe nipple B1 .on cap B. On the inner Wall of .the valve seat G1 are outout three' circumferential grooves marked respectively 5, 6 and 10.These three grooves form the ports controlled by the valve G as itreciprocates to and fro, the valve having on its' outer periphery asemi-circular groove by means of Which the central one, 6, of the IOOthree ports aforesaid may be put into com! miinication alternately withthe upper port,

5, above it or the lower port, 10, beneath it, the said port 5 being incommunication with the annular exhaust passage 1 and the lower port 10with the annular inlet passage 2.

In Figs. 6 the mode of connection between the annular passages 1 and 2external to the valve seat G1, and the internal grooves or ports 5 and10 is illustrated. As shown in this figure there is a series of radialopenings out through the wall of the valve seat G1 to put the externalpassage in communication with the internal port or groove. Fig. 6, beinga horizontal section taken at the point H of Fig. 2, illustrates theconnection between the external passage 2 and the interior groove 10,which, when the valve is in its upper po- Osition (see Fig. 3) is inimmediate communication with the annular space 3, which, in turn, is incommunication with the external passage 2 by the radial openingsaforesaid.

The piston H is at all times subject to a certain degree of air pressuretending to liftl it, together with its attached hammer, into itsuppermost position as shown in Figs. 2 and 3., This air pressure isapplied through the vertical duct 9 which at all times is incommunication at its upper end with the annular passage 2 and at itslower end, is in communication with the space below the up-- per head ofthe piston formed by the reduced diameter of the piston at its center.This gives an upward pressure upon the piston of a value determined bythe area of the exposed annular surface on the under side of its upperhead. The piston is operated by the alternate admission of the air toand its exhaustion from the upper surface of the piston. This isaccomplished by the reciprocation of the valve G. On the other hand thevalve G is itself reciprocated by a similar admission of air to and itsexhaustion from the space above its upper side. Thevalve G, like thepiston H, makes its return stroke under the pressure existing at alltimes on its under side, which is, however, always of lesser value thanthe operating pressure applied to its up er surface.

n Fig. 1 the valve G is shown in its lowest position with the ports 5and 6 in communication with each other through the external groove inthe periphery of the valve. As appears in Fig. 3, the port 6 is incommunication with the upper end of thecylinder of piston H through aduct 12 which is the exaust duct of thesaid cylinder. Since the port 5is in permanent communication with the external annular exhaust passage1, this lowest position of the valveG isthe one which puts .the cylinderin communication with the atmosphere through the said duct 12, ports 5land 6 and annular passagezl.

The piston H will therefore rise, under the pressure applied to itsunder side, as above described, until it comes into the upper positionshown in Fig. 2. The upper position of hammer J down against the headofthe drill K.

f For producing the reciprocation of valve G, the space above it isconnected by means of the duct S (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1

and in full lines in Fig. 2) with the annular space surrounding thecentral portion of the piston H. The port through which the duct 8enters the said annular space is however controlled by the lower head ofthe piston H. Thus in the lower position of the piston, shown in Fig. 1,the said port is uncovered and the air pressure, communicated to thesaid annular space by means of the duct 9, passes upward therefromthrough the duct 8 to the u per side of the valve G, thereby forcing t evalve downward against the normal but smaller pressure on its underside. This ditference in pressure is due to the difference in area ofthe surfaces exposed to the respective upward and downward pressures ofthe air. When the piston H rises to its upper position, as shown in Fig.`2, the lower end of the duct 8 is cut off from the aforesaid annularspace around the piston and is permitted to communicate with the spacebelow the piston and around the hammer J,

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from which space it escapes into the atmosphere through the spacesoutside of the hammer J and drill K, which it but loosely in the bushingW.

The drill K is loosely surrounded by a thin sheet iron tube S seated inthe lower part of the sleeve N ,which is screwed on to the lower end ofa sleeve M rojecting down from the bushing W. A co lar O, made in twoparts, surrounds the reduced neck K1 of the drill, the neck beingsomewhat longer than the vertical thickness of the collar to permit aslightplay of the drill. The upper polygonal extremity of the drill iscontained in the tube L, firmly seated in the sleeve M, while thebushing W is itself-seated on a rubber cushion P, which rests on aninternal shoulder of C. This, in turn, communicates with. duct- 18,extending downward .between the outside ofthe tube L and the inside ol'the sleeve M to the lower extremity of the sleeve IIO IIS

' whence the air may pass down through the tube S to the extremity ofthe drill, and there serve to blow out the dust produced by the cuttingaction of the drill. This air blast at the cutting point of the drillmay be shut 0H when desired by means of a cock Q. at the lower end ofthe duct 7.

'While I have described this tool as provided with a handle D intendedto facilitate the manual operation of the tool, yet I also contemplatethat the same tool may be manipulated by hand or may be mounted on atripod or other suitable support.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A pneumatic tool comprising a casing having 4a rotary tool, areciprocating piston coperating with said tool, means for rotating thetool by the reciprocation of the piston, and an annular valvecontrolling the piston and encircling the tool-rotating connection.

2. A percussion apparatus comprising a casing having at one end a rotarytool-holder, tool-rotating means at the other end, a reciprocatingpiston for operating the tool, and an annular valve controlling saidpiston and traversed by the tool-rotating connection.

3. A reciprocating tool comprising a casing having a rotary tool-holderat one end, a ratchet at the other end, an annular valve, and aconnection between the ratchet and the tool-holder includin a recirocating is- .ton controlled by the va ve an connecte to rotate thetool-holder, and a rifle-bar connecting the piston with the ratchet andtraversing the valve.

4. A pneumatic apparatus comprising a casing having a hollowvalve-bearing, tooloperating means in said casing, an annular valvemounted externally upon said bearing and having exteriorport-controlling portions for controlling the movements of thetool-operating means, and a tool rotating connection passing throughsaid bearing.

5. A reciprocating tool, comprising, in combination, an external casin apiston therein, a hammer operated by t e piston, a concentric valve, aratchet and a rifle-bar passing through the said valve and connectingthe said ratchet with the said piston.

6. A reciprocatin hollow cylindrical va ve having both internal andexternal bearings, one of which contains ports controlled by the valve,in combinatool provided with ation with a reciprocating piston on oneside of the valve and controlled thereby, a ratchet on the o posite sideof the valve, and connecting devices between the ratchet and the pistonpassing through the center of the said valve and adapted to rotate thepiston.

7. A reciprocating tool provided with' a cylinder and a Itool-o eratingpiston therein, in combination wit a cylindrical valve above the piston,a ratchet above the valve, a rifle-bar extending to the ratchet throughthe valve and into the piston, and a seat for the valve traversed byexhaust ducts for the piston controlled by the valve and by an exaustduct for the valve controlled by the piston.

8. In a reciprocating tool, the combination with an external casingformed in sections, of a piston contained in one section, a valveconcentric with the iston contained in another section, an annu arvalve-seat external to the valve, a ratchet, and a rifle bar extendingtherefrom through the said valve into the piston, the said valve-seatbeing traversed by inlet and exhaustducts controlled by the piston.

9j A reciprocating tool, comprising, in combination, a piston, acylindrical valve in line with the iston, a bushing traversin the valve,a ratciiet on the opposite side o the valve and a rifle bar passingthrough said bushing to connect the piston with the ratchet.

10. In a reciprocating tool, the combination with a piston H, a valveGin line therewith and cylindrical in form, a bushing G2 passing throughthe valve, a ratchet F, a rifle bar I passing through the said bushinginto the piston, an annular valve seat G1 having portsfon its internalsurface controlled by the valve, and an external casing comprising theportion A surrounding the piston and the cap portion B surrounding saidvalve seat and provided with inlet and exhaust ports communicating byradial ducts with the aforesaid ports on the interior of the valve seat.

In witness whereof I have'hereunto set my hand and seal, before twosubscribing witnesses, this 21st day of July 1904.

Witnesses:

M. MILLARD, J. T. MILLS.

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